Condition Basics
What is coronavirus (COVID-19)?
COVID-19 is a disease caused by a type of coronavirus. This illness was first found in 2019 and has since spread worldwide (pandemic). Symptoms can range from mild, such as fever and body aches, to severe, including trouble breathing. COVID-19 can be deadly.
Coronaviruses are a large group of viruses. Some types cause the common cold. Others cause more serious illnesses like Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).
What are the symptoms?
COVID-19 symptoms may include:
- Fever.
- Cough.
- Trouble breathing.
- Chills or repeated shaking with chills.
- Muscle and body aches.
- Headache.
- Sore throat.
- New loss of taste or smell.
- Vomiting.
- Diarrhea.
- Stuffy or runny nose.
In severe cases, COVID-19 can cause pneumonia and make it hard to breathe without help from a machine. It can cause death.
How is it diagnosed?
COVID-19 is diagnosed with a viral test. This may also be called a PCR test or antigen test. It looks for evidence of the virus in your breathing passages or lungs (respiratory system).
The test is most often done on a sample from the nose, throat, or lungs. It's sometimes done on a sample of saliva. One way a sample is collected is by rubbing the swab in a circle in each nostril.
If you have questions about testing, ask your doctor or check the CDC website at cdc.gov for information.
How is it treated?
A mild case of COVID-19 can usually be treated at home. Over-the-counter medicine like acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil) can help relieve your symptoms.
But even if your symptoms are mild, talk to your doctor right away. Medicines, such as antivirals, can help reduce the risk of serious illness. But you need to take them within a few days after symptoms start. There may be other options if antivirals aren't a good choice for you.
If you do get very sick, you will need to be treated in the hospital. Treatment may include breathing support, such as oxygen therapy or a ventilator. Some people may be placed on their belly to help their oxygen levels. Medicines may be given. For example, you may get a blood thinner to help prevent blood clots.
What happens when you have COVID-19?
COVID-19 usually causes mild illness, similar to the flu. But some people get much sicker. They may develop pneumonia or other problems that need to be treated in the hospital. Some people die.
People with mild illness usually recover in about 2 weeks. But some people have health problems that last much longer. These may include fatigue, cough, shortness of breath, pain in the chest, and depression or anxiety.
The virus can affect many parts of the body. These include the heart, lungs, and brain. Experts will learn more about how COVID-19 affects long-term health over time.
How can you protect yourself and others?
How can you protect yourself and others from COVID-19?
- Stay up to date on your COVID-19 vaccines.
- Avoid sick people, and stay away from others if you are sick.
- Keep some physical distance between yourself and other people.
- Avoid crowds, especially indoors.
- Wear a mask with the best fit, protection, and comfort for you. A mask can help protect you even when others aren't wearing one.
- Get tested for COVID-19 before you have an indoor visit with people who don't live with you.
- Improve airflow. If you have to spend time indoors with others, open windows and doors. Or you can use a fan to blow air away from people and out a window.
- Choose outdoor visits and activities when possible.
- Cover your mouth with a tissue when you cough or sneeze.
- Wash your hands often.
- Avoid touching your mouth, nose, and eyes.
Here are some other steps you may need to take.
If you were exposed to someone with COVID-19 AND you don't have symptoms:
- Wear a high-quality mask when you are around other people, even those you live with.
- Get tested. Do it right away if you develop symptoms. Wait at least 5 days after you were exposed if you don't have symptoms.
- If your test is positive, call your doctor right away. The doctor may have you take a medicine to keep you from getting seriously ill. Treatment works best when started early.
- Take extra care if you have to be around other people who are at high risk of getting seriously ill from COVID-19. Keep some extra space between yourself and others, for example.
- Watch for symptoms.
If you have symptoms:
- Stay home and separate yourself from others, including those you live with.
- Get a COVID-19 test unless you have already been tested. You may need to be tested more than once.
- Talk to your doctor as soon as you can. Your doctor may have you take medicine to help prevent serious illness.
- Limit contact with people in your home. If possible, stay in a separate bedroom and use a separate bathroom. Anytime you're around other people, you and they should wear a high-quality mask. Children younger than 2 years old don't need to wear a mask.
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Self-isolate until it's safe to be around others again.
- You need to wait until your symptoms are getting better and you haven't had a fever for 24 hours while not taking medicines to lower the fever. Once you leave isolation, wear a mask for at least 5 more days when you are around other people.
- If you were very sick, were in the hospital for COVID, or have a weakened immune system, talk to your doctor about how long you should isolate and wear a mask. It might be longer than 5 days.
Check the CDC website at cdc.gov for the most current information.