Measles, also called rubeola, is a contagious viral illness. It usually causes a red rash over most of the body.
Other symptoms are a high fever, sneezing, a sore throat, coughing, swollen glands, red and irritated eyes, tiredness, and a loss of appetite. Although measles is much less common today, it still infects people who have not received the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine or the measles, mumps, rubella, and chickenpox (varicella) vaccine (MMRV). For example, teenagers or college students who have not been immunized could get measles while they are in their school settings.
If a person gets measles during pregnancy, there is a greater chance of miscarrying the baby or delivering the baby prematurely. But measles infection does not cause birth defects.
Treatment for measles includes resting, drinking plenty of fluids, and taking acetaminophen or other nonprescription drugs to relieve symptoms. Most people who have measles recover without complications. But babies, older adults, and people who have impaired immune systems are at greater risk for complications, such as ear infections, strep throat, pneumonia, or inflammation of the brain (encephalitis).
Measles used to be common in children, but the measles vaccine has drastically reduced the number of cases that occur each year.