Condition Basics
What is low blood pressure?
Blood pressure is a measure of how hard blood pushes against the walls of your arteries as it moves through your body.
Low blood pressure means that your blood pressure is lower than normal. It's also called hypotension (say "hy-poh-TEN-shun").
In healthy adults, low blood pressure may not cause problems or symptoms. In fact, it may be normal for you. But if your blood pressure drops suddenly or causes symptoms like dizziness or fainting, it is too low.
In general, low blood pressure symptoms happen when blood pressure is less than 90/60.
What causes it?
Some causes of low blood pressure include:
- Getting up quickly after you sit or lie down. This can cause a quick drop in blood pressure called orthostatic hypotension.
- Standing for a long time.
- Not drinking enough fluids (dehydration).
- Medicines. Examples are high blood pressure medicine or other heart medicines.
- Health problems. Examples are thyroid disease, severe infection, and neuropathy.
- Trauma. Examples are major bleeding and bad burns.
What are the symptoms?
Many people with low blood pressure don't have any symptoms.
Symptoms to watch for include:
- Feeling dizzy, lightheaded, or faint.
- Feeling sick to your stomach or vomiting.
- Feeling more thirsty than usual.
- Having blurry vision.
- Feeling weak.
- Being confused.
- Being tired.
- Having cold, clammy skin.
- Breathing very fast.
- Having a fast heartbeat.
If you have symptoms of low blood pressure, especially dizziness or fainting, call your doctor.
Watch for symptoms of low blood pressure. Tell your doctor when the symptoms happen so they can be treated.
How is it diagnosed?
Often people learn that they have low blood pressure when their doctor checks it. Or you may find that you have low blood pressure when you check it at home.
To check for the causes of your low blood pressure, your doctor will ask about your past health, your symptoms, and the medicines you take. You will have a physical exam, and other tests may be done. Your doctor may check for another health problem that could be causing your low blood pressure.
How is low blood pressure treated?
Treatment depends on your symptoms and what's causing the low blood pressure.
Your doctor may have you:
- Get fluid through an intravenous (I.V.) line. This helps with dehydration.
- Change or stop medicines that lower your blood pressure.
- Take medicine to treat the problem that is causing low blood pressure. For example, you may need antibiotics to treat infection or medicines to stop vomiting or diarrhea.
Your doctor may suggest that you try some ways to prevent symptoms. To reduce dizziness, you might try standing up more slowly, drinking more water, or limiting alcohol.
How can you prevent it?
If you have low blood pressure, your doctor may suggest that you try some ways to prevent symptoms like dizziness. For example, your doctor might recommend that you:
- Stand up slowly.
- Add more salt to your diet.
- Drink more water.
- Drink little or no alcohol.
- Wear compression stockings.
Be sure to talk with your doctor before you add more salt to your diet.
If you feel dizzy or lightheaded, sit down or lie down for a few minutes. Or you can sit down and put your head between your knees. This will help your blood pressure go back to normal and help your symptoms go away.
If your doctor prescribes medicine to help prevent a low blood pressure problem, take it exactly as prescribed.