Is There a Link Between Processed Meats and Colon Cancer?

For years, scientific evidence on a connection between red and processed meat and colon cancer has been mounting. In fact, The International Agency for Research on Cancer, the cancer arm of the World Health Organization (WHO), reviewed more than 800 studies from around the world, spanning different races and diets, and took these actions:

• Classified processed meat as a definite carcinogen (cancer-causing substance), putting it in the same category as tobacco 
• Categorized red meat as a probable carcinogen

So, does this mean you have to give up your morning bacon and grilled hamburger?

What is Considered Processed Meat and Red Meat?

Red meat refers to beef, veal, pork, lamb, mutton, and goat. Processed meats have been salted, cured, smoked or undergone other processes to enhance flavor or improve preservation. Most contain pork or beef, but may also contain other red meats, poultry, or meat by-products. Examples include: hot dogs, ham, sausages, bacon, salami, corned beef, beef jerky, canned meat, and meat-based sauces. Carcinogens form when these meats are preserved and can increase cancer risk. Read the labels carefully. Words like nitrate, nitrite, cured and salt mean you are buying processed meat. 

What Does the Research Mean for You?

For many years, medical literature suggested colon cancer was more common among people whose diets were high in processed meat and red meat. The research from WHO finds a definite link between consumption of processed meats and colorectal cancer (and perhaps other cancers). Researchers acknowledge the link between red meat and cancer has not yet been proved.

WHO estimates that daily consumption of 50 grams of processed meat or 100 grams of red meat might increase the risk of colorectal cancer by 18 percent and 17 percent respectively. Data also shows associations to cancers of the pancreas and stomach, and advanced stage prostate cancer.

While 18 percent and 17 percent might sound like fairly large numbers, the cancer risk is relatively small risk compared to individuals who consume small amounts of processed and red meats.

Does Red and Processed Meat Still have a Place in Healthy Diet?

Regularly eating large amounts of red and processed meat over a long period of time is probably not the best approach if your goal is to live a long and healthy life. In moderation, however, these meats are acceptable and are good sources of nutrients such as protein and iron.

Bottom line, it is about being sensible. In other words, not eating too much too often.